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Contents - Lessons & Practice

Humanities

U.S. History

OpenStax book

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U.S. History

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Questions from the 32 chapters of U.S. History. Each item asks for a term, a definition, or a claim the chapter itself states.

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U.S. History

32 lessons

One lesson for each chapter of U.S. History, in the book’s order. The lesson teaches what that chapter says you need to know, then checks it.

  1. 1The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492Great civilizations had risen and fallen in the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans.
  2. 2Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 1492–1650Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas.
  3. 3Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 1500–1700Augustine and Santa Fe, the Spanish never found the fabled mountains of gold they sought.
  4. 4Rule Britannia! The English Empire, 1660–1763In addition to wresting control of New York and New Jersey from the Dutch, Charles II established the Carolinas and Pennsylvania as proprietary colonies.
  5. 5Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests, 1763-1774The British Empire had gained supremacy in North America with its victory over the French in 1763.
  6. 6America's War for Independence, 1775-1783In Massachusetts and other New England colonies, militias like the minutemen prepared for war by stockpiling weapons and ammunition.
  7. 7Creating Republican Governments, 1776–1790The debate over how much democracy (majority rule) to incorporate in the governing of the new United States raised questions about who was best qualified to participate in government and have the right to vote.
  8. 8Growing Pains: The New Republic, 1790–1820While many of the Anti-Federalists’ fears were assuaged by the adoption of the Bill of Rights in 1791, the early 1790s nevertheless witnessed the rise of two political parties: the Federalists and the…
  9. 9Industrial Transformation in the North, 1800–1850Industrialization led to radical changes in American life.
  10. 10Jacksonian Democracy, 1820–1840The early 1800s saw an age of deference give way to universal manhood suffrage and a new type of political organization based on loyalty to the party.
  11. 11A Nation on the Move: Westward Expansion, 1800–1860The Louisiana Purchase and the journey of Lewis and Clark’s Corps of Discovery captured the imagination of many, who dedicated themselves to the economic exploitation of the western lands and the expansion of American…
  12. 12Cotton is King: The Antebellum South, 1800–1860When the international slave trade was outlawed in 1808, the domestic slave trade exploded, providing economic opportunities for White people involved in many aspects of the trade and increasing the possibility of…
  13. 13Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses, 1820–1860Leaders of the Second Great Awakening like Charles G.
  14. 14Troubled Times: the Tumultuous 1850sThe application of popular sovereignty to the organization of the Kansas and Nebraska territories ended the sectional truce that had prevailed since the Compromise of 1850.
  15. 15The Civil War, 1860–1865With the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, the Civil War began
  16. 16The Era of Reconstruction, 1865–1877Radical Republicans in Congress disagreed, however, and in the years ahead would put forth their own plan of Reconstruction
  17. 17Go West Young Man! Westward Expansion, 1840-1900While a few bold settlers had moved westward before the middle of the nineteenth century, they were the exception, not the rule.
  18. 18Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900Inventors in the late nineteenth century flooded the market with new technological advances.
  19. 19The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900Churches, civic organizations, and the secular settlement house movement all sought to provide some relief to the urban working class, but conditions remained brutal for many new city dwellers
  20. 20Politics in the Gilded Age, 1870-1900All told, from 1872 through 1892, Gilded Age politics were little more than political showmanship.
  21. 21Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920In its first decade, the Progressive Era was a grassroots effort that ushered in reforms at state and local levels.
  22. 22Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914In the last decades of the nineteenth century, after the Civil War, the United States pivoted from a profoundly isolationist approach to a distinct zeal for American expansion.
  23. 23Americans and the Great War, 1914-1919After his 1916 reelection, however, the free trade associated with neutrality proved impossible to secure against the total war strategies of the belligerents, particularly Germany’s submarine warfare.
  24. 24The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929For many middle-class Americans, the 1920s was a decade of unprecedented prosperity.
  25. 25Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? The Great Depression, 1929-1932The prosperous decade leading up to the stock market crash of 1929, with easy access to credit and a culture that encouraged speculation and risk-taking, put into place the conditions for the country’s fall.
  26. 26Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941During the four-month interregnum, however, Americans continued to endure President Hoover’s failed policies, which led the winter of 1932-1933 to be the worst of the Depression, with unemployment rising to record levels
  27. 27Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945But as the Great Depression hit Europe, several new leaders rose to power under the new political ideologies of Fascism and Nazism.
  28. 28Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960The GI Bill eased many veterans’ return by providing them with unemployment compensation, low-interest loans, and money to further their education; however, African American, Mexican American, and gay veterans were…
  29. 29Contesting Futures: America in the 1960sHowever, Johnson’s insistence on maintaining American commitments in Vietnam, a policy begun by his predecessors, hurt both his ability to realize his vision of the Great Society and his support among the American people
  30. 30Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980In the late 1960s and 1970s, Native Americans, LGBTQ people, and women organized to change discriminatory laws and pursue government support for their interests, a strategy known as identity politics.
  31. 31From Cold War to Culture Wars, 1980-2000Implementing a series of economic policies dubbed “Reaganomics,” the president sought to stimulate the economy while shrinking the size of the federal government and providing relief for the nation’s wealthiest…
  32. 32The Challenges of the Twenty-First CenturyBush’s first term in office began with al-Qaeda’s deadly attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001.