In order of increasing distance from the center of the Sun, they are the photosphere, with a temperature that ranges from 4500 K to about 6800 K; the chromosphere, with a typical temperature of 10 4 K; the transition… Sunspots are dark regions where the temperature is up to 2000 K cooler than the surrounding photosphere.

Solar wind particles stream out into the solar system through coronal holes. The Sun’s surface is mottled with upwelling convection currents seen as hot, bright granules.

coronal hole — a region in the Sun’s outer atmosphere that appears darker because there is less hot gas there. aurora — light radiated by atoms and ions in the ionosphere excited by charged particles from the Sun, mostly seen in the magnetic polar regions. photosphere — the region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere from which continuous radiation escapes into space. sunspot — large, dark features seen on the surface of the Sun caused by increased magnetic activity.