Modern accelerators used in particle physics are either large synchrotrons or linear accelerators Yukawa’s idea of virtual particle exchange as the carrier of forces is crucial, with virtual particles being formed in temporary violation of the conservation of mass-energy as allowed by the Heisenberg uncertainty…

Feynman diagrams are graphs of time versus position and are highly useful pictorial representations of particle processes The theory of electromagnetism on the particle scale is called quantum electrodynamics (QED)

particle physics — the study of and the quest for those truly fundamental particles having no substructure. synchrotron — a version of a cyclotron in which the frequency of the alternating voltage and the magnetic field strength are increased as the beam particles are accelerated. carrier of forces — crucial, with virtual particles being formed in temporary violation of the conservation of mass-energy as allowed by the Heisenberg uncertainty…. Feynman diagram — a graph of time versus position that describes the exchange of virtual particles between subatomic particles.