In molecular cloning with bacteria, a desired DNA fragment is inserted into a bacterial plasmid using restriction enzymes and the plasmid is taken up by a bacterium, which will then express the foreign DNA. Cloning may involve cloning small DNA fragments (molecular cloning), or cloning entire organisms (reproductive cloning).

Fragmented or whole chromosomes can be separated on the basis of size by gel electrophoresis. DNA can be cut (and subsequently re-spliced together) using restriction enzymes.

biotechnology — the use of artificial methods to modify the genetic material of living organisms or cells to produce novel compounds or to perform new functions. desired DNA fragment — inserted into a bacterial plasmid using restriction enzymes and the plasmid is taken up by a bacterium, which will then express the foreign DNA. gel electrophoresis — a technique used to separate molecules on the basis of their ability to migrate through a semisolid gel in response to an electric current. plasmid — a small circular molecule of DNA found in bacteria that replicates independently of the main bacterial chromosome; plasmids code for some important traits for bacteria and can be….