Division of labor , in and of itself, is not hierarchical, but when different values are assigned to different types of labor and some positions or people have power over others, this creates a hierarchy. A hierarchy is a type of social organization in which certain people or roles are given more power and prestige than others.

Many gatherer-hunter groups experience a social structure described as egalitarian , in which the diverse roles in a system of production are all given the same decision-making power and accorded the same respect among… Conversely, when there are differences in status or power between various roles, social stratification results.

egalitarian — describes a society or other group in which diverse roles are all given the same decision-making power and accorded the same respect among the group. hierarchy — a type of social organization in which certain people or roles are given more power and prestige than others. social stratification — the hierarchical organization of different groups of people, whether based on racial category, socioeconomic status, kinship, religion, birth order, or gender. power — the ability to exert control, authority, or influence over others.

Be able to discuss theories of social inequality and anthropology’s past of upholding social inequalities; describe the connections between power, agency, and resistance; explain the meanings of the terms racism, Whiteness, and White supremacy.