Temperament can be shaped and modified by parents and culture and can predict personality traits in childhood and adolescence Personality begins to form in infancy and is shaped by biology, environment, and temperament.

Infants start to develop a sense of self as separate from others through understanding what they can and cannot control in their environment Infants experience gender socialization through interactions with caregivers, social and cultural experiences, and perceived expectations of their behavior.

emotion — temporary affective state or feeling that influences an individual’s physiology, facial expressions, and motivations. gender socialization — the process by which individuals are exposed to and learn gender roles and expectations in their culture. personality — long-lasting pattern of behavior, attitudes, thoughts, and emotions consistent across childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. temperament — innate, biological components of individuality present as consistent patterns of behavior shortly after birth.