Nutritional imbalances from overnutrition or undernutrition require specific nutritional interventions and monitoring during preconception and pregnancy to prevent anemia and other complications. A high-risk pregnancy is one in which the pregnant person and fetus are at increased risk for adverse health outcomes during pregnancy.

Preexisting medical conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and thyroid disorders, should be managed closely prior to and after conception with an interdisciplinary care team. The first trimester is a critical time for fetal development, so conditions that develop during this period can significantly compromise fetal health.

anemia — level of red blood cells or hemoglobin that is too low to supply enough oxygen to the tissues of the body. preexisting medical condition — medical condition that is present prior to conception. first trimester — a critical time for fetal development, so conditions that develop during this period can significantly compromise fetal health. undernutrition — imbalance of nutrition related to inadequate intake of food and necessary nutrients.