Genetic testing is performed to identify disease-causing genes, and gene therapy is used to cure an inheritable disease Fragmented or whole chromosomes can be separated on the basis of size by gel electrophoresis.

The term “cloning” may refer to cloning small DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cloning cell populations (cellular cloning), or cloning entire organisms (reproductive cloning). Transgenic organisms possess DNA from a different species, usually generated by molecular cloning techniques.

genomics — study of entire genomes including the complete set of genes, their nucleotide sequence and organization, and their interactions within a species and with other species. biotechnology — use of biological agents for technological advancement. recombinant DNA — combination of DNA fragments generated by molecular cloning that does not exist in nature; also known as a chimeric molecule. gene therapy — technique used to cure inheritable diseases by replacing mutant genes with good genes.