Medical professionals perform genetic testing to identify disease-causing genes, and use gene therapy to cure an inheritable disease Fragmented or whole chromosomes can separate on the basis of size by gel electrophoresis.

The term “cloning” may refer to cloning small DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cloning cell populations (cellular cloning), or cloning entire organisms (reproductive cloning). Transgenic organisms possess DNA from a different species, usually generated by molecular cloning techniques.

genomics — study of entire genomes including the complete set of genes, their nucleotide sequence and organization, and their interactions within a species and with other species. biotechnology — use of biological agents for technological advancement. recombinant DNA — combining DNA fragments that molecular cloning generates that do not exist in nature; also a chimeric molecule. gene therapy — technique used to cure inheritable diseases by replacing mutant genes with good genes.